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Joshua An

  • China’s Nickel Empire: The Hidden Costs of Green Tech and AI Ambitions in Indonesia
    8th December 2025

    China’s Nickel Empire: The Hidden Costs of Green Tech and AI Ambitions in Indonesia

    China’s drive to dominate the green-tech and AI supply chains has turned Indonesia into one of the world’s leading producers of nickel. Industrial growth has brought jobs and improved local infrastructure, but it has also accelerated deforestation, excreted waste into rivers, and harmed the livelihood of traditional communities. The transformation…

    Joshua An

The Sino-Southeast Initiative (SSI) provides in-depth analysis and diverse perspectives on issues concerning China and Southeast Asia. Through rigorous research and interviews with scholars in the field, we offer a distinct platform to engage with important dynamics shaping the region.


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