Joshua An
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How the Iran War is Revealing Southeast Asia’s Energy Vulnerabilities: Singapore and Cambodia
The recent escalation of the conflict in Iran has sent shockwaves throughout global energy markets, but few regions have felt the structural impacts more intensely than Southeast Asia. Following the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, Singapore and Cambodia have been especially affected. Energy vulnerabilities revealed in these countries, one…
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Malaysia in the Middle of the AI Stack: How Capital Flows are Reshaping Supply Chains
While all eyes in the AI boom are centered on innovation and competition between American and Chinese firms, capital is quietly flowing into the infrastructure that underpins this long-term growth trajectory. Malaysia’s growing role as a key player in the middle of the AI stack, with its environment conducive to…
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China’s Nickel Empire: The Hidden Costs of Green Tech and AI Ambitions in Indonesia
China’s drive to dominate the green-tech and AI supply chains has turned Indonesia into one of the world’s leading producers of nickel. Industrial growth has brought jobs and improved local infrastructure, but it has also accelerated deforestation, excreted waste into rivers, and harmed the livelihood of traditional communities. The transformation…
Sino-Southeast Initiative 